What is VGM and why is it mandatory?
2026/04/08
What is VGM and why is it mandatory?
VGM (Verified Gross Mass) refers to the verified total weight of a container, which is the sum of the cargo weight, packaging weight, dunnage/pallets, and the container’s own tare weight.
On July 1, 2016, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) enforced amendments to the SOLAS Convention: containers without a VGM shall not be loaded on board a ship.
This requirement aims to prevent major safety risks such as terminal accidents, vessel stowage imbalance, and containers falling overboard caused by overweight cargo.
Liability: The shipper shown on the bill of lading is the legally responsible party for VGM. A freight forwarder may submit the VGM on behalf of the shipper, but the legal liability remains with the shipper.
Practical Suggestion: For high-value or heavy cargo, the whole container weighing method shall be prioritized.
In the case of cumulative calculation, each piece must be weighed individually; estimation is not allowed.
VGM Overweight Standards and Allowable Tolerances
Weight limits (including container tare weight) for general containers set by major domestic shipping lines:
- 20GP: Normally no more than 28 tons (some shipping lines allow up to 30 tons)
- 40GP / 40HQ: Normally no more than 30 tons (some allow up to 32 tons)
- 45HQ: Normally no more than 28–30 tons
Allowable tolerance: ±5% or ±1 ton, whichever is smaller.
- If VGM = 10 tons, allowable range: 9.5–10.5 tons
- If VGM = 30 tons, allowable range: 29–31 tons (since ±5% = 1.5 tons, the stricter ±1 ton applies)
Exceeding the tolerance range = incorrect VGM declaration.
The terminal reserves the right to refuse loading and impose a fine.
